Despite contributing little to GHG emissions, several countries are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and have been listed on the International Rescue Committee's Watchlist for countries most likely to experience a humanitarian crisis in 2023.
These nations are facing significant challenges related to climate change, political instability, and economic crises, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities. Chad, considered the most climate-vulnerable country globally, faces floods, economic challenges, and growing conflict, hindering efforts to build climate resilience.
In Somalia, approximately eight million people, almost half of the country's population, are experiencing extreme food insecurity and drought worsened by climate change. Similarly, Afghanistan is grappling with economic collapse, poverty, and food production disruptions caused by drought and flooding.
The link between climate change and political stability has been controversial but is increasingly undeniable. Warmer temperatures and extreme weather aggravate social stress and economic outcomes, influencing political behavior.
Global warming and climate change will have some detrimental ripple effects on society's “political, economic and demographic structures. These include a rise in ethnic tensions in the Indian Sub-Continent, massive immigration to Europe, regional economic collapse and political destabilization in Africa, the inundation of island nations, and economic losses in the Americas, among many other changes which will combine to destabilize humanity for generations."
Some of the nations where the disparities regarding this matter are very dispersed are the United States, Canada, Australia, and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom. Yet, the division in this context extends beyond party politics; it is fundamentally rooted in contrasting worldviews: egalitarianism versus radical individualism.
Climate change views tend to align with individuals' political affiliations. As demonstrated by a study conducted by the Pew Research Center, 72% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning Americans acknowledge human activity as a driving force behind climate change. In contrast, only 22% of Republicans and Republican leaners share these viewpoints.
So far, international collaborative efforts have historically facilitated landmark environmental agreements, including the Paris Agreement in 2015. The European Union, with its large economic footprint, is an environmental leader and has seen its influence increase as it adopts more sustainable growth models. Other nations, including Russia, Brazil, Indonesia, and India, play varying roles due to their vast natural resources and growing ecological footprints.